Those with PBA have involuntary bouts of crying, laughter or anger. The outburst may be out of proportion, e.g., something slightly sad yields exaggerated weeping.

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a neurological condition that causes outbursts of uncontrolled or inappropriate laughing or crying. These episodes don't match your internal emotional state. PBA develops as the result of a brain injury or underlying neurological condition, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

A positive screening for PBA was determined by a Center for Neurologic Study-Lability (CNS-LS) score of 13 or greater and/or a report of sudden laughing and/or crying episodes. The CNS-LS is a seven-item self-report rating scale that measures perceived frequency and control over laughing and/or crying episodes.

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a neurological condition involving involuntary, sudden, and frequent episodes of laughing or crying. It occurs secondary to neurological disease – meaning that PBA is caused by another disorder – and is most commonly found in patients with: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

The primary sign of pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is frequent, involuntary and uncontrollable outbursts of crying or laughing that are exaggerated or not connected to your emotional state. Laughter often turns to tears.

Types of Stroke

• What Are the Types of Strokes?
• Ischemic Stroke.
• Transient Ischemic Attack or Mini-Stroke.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke.
• Brain Stem Stroke.

In PBA, there's a disconnect between the frontal lobe (which controls emotions) and the cerebellum and brain stem (where reflexes are mediated). The effects are uncontrollable and can occur without an emotional trigger. Those with PBA have involuntary bouts of crying, laughter or anger.

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), or emotional incontinence, is a type of neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing. PBA occurs secondary to a neurologic disorder or brain injury.

In PBA, there's a disconnect between the frontal lobe (which controls emotions) and the cerebellum and brain stem (where reflexes are mediated). The effects are uncontrollable and can occur without an emotional trigger. Those with PBA have involuntary bouts of crying, laughter or anger.

Strokes can be classified into 2 main categories:

• Ischemic strokes. These are strokes caused by blockage of an artery (or, in rare instances, a vein). About 87% of all strokes are ischemic.
• Hemorrhagic stroke. These are strokes caused by bleeding. About 13% of all strokes are hemorrhagic.

The five types are:

• Ischemic stroke.
• Hemorrhagic stroke.
• Transient ischemic attack (mini-stroke)
• Brain stem stroke.
• Cryptogenic stroke (stroke of unknown cause)

An outburst might last a few seconds to several minutes or may occur several times a day. PBA occurs secondary to a brain injury or a neurological disorder.